Thursday, 14 August 2008
DeConick: The Thirteenth Apostle
April, D. DeConick, The Thirteenth Apostle: What the Gospel of Judas Really Says (London: Continuum, 2007).
呢本係最近我覺得最鍾意睇, 亦係非常重要o既一本書. 作者 DeConick 係 Rice U. o既聖經研究學者, 專長係新約聖經以外o既福音書, 如 Gospel of Thomas. 呢本書有乜咁重要呢?
話說幾年前, National Geographic 話發現咗 Gospel of Judas, 當時有出電視節目, 而家都仲應該有得 BT 返, 亦出咗本 critical edition, 當中有猶大福音o既 Coptic 原文, 同埋英文翻譯. 根據呢本英文翻譯, 猶大福音係公元第二世紀一本好有趣o既書: 猶大唔係壞人, 唔係叛徒; 相反, 佢係英雄, 耶穌門徒之中只有佢一個知道耶穌o既計劃, 而所謂"出賣"耶穌, 其實係幫耶穌逃離冇用o既肉身進入永恆, 係猶大o既英雄事蹟之一. 但係當 DeConick 自己仔細讀過猶大福音之後, 佢發現猶大福音根本就唔係咁: 猶大依然係壞人, 係叛徒, 耶穌亦有鬧佢. 而 National Geographic o個本書會搞出個咁o既猶大係因為英文翻譯有幾處重要o既地方都翻譯得好差. 所以佢就出咗呢本書仔, 將來佢仲會出一本比較 technical, 俾學者睇o既版本.
呢本書頭一半, 主要係講早期教會背景, 講到o係第二世紀, 其實教會入面有好多鬼打鬼o既不同支派, 包括現代人最熟悉o既使徒教會啦, 相信新舊約聖經其實有兩個神o既 Marcionite 啦, 重視聖經靈上身o既 Montanism 啦, 仲有好複雜o既 gnosticism. 而 gnosticism 中, 又有分 Valentinian, Basilidian, 同 Sethian. 佢講咁多背景, 係因為o係本書o既第二部份, 佢打算展示其實猶大福音係典型o既 Sethian 著作, 冇 National Geographic 講到咁神奇.
至於本書後半, 就係全書戲肉. 呢度講到現有o既 critical edition 出錯o既地方, 非常精彩, 提出強力而合理o既挑戰. 舉其中一個例子:
National Geographic 翻譯:
And when Jesus heard this, he laughed and said to him, You thirteenth spirit, why do you try so hard?
DeConick 翻譯:
When Jesus heard this, he laughed. He said to him, Why do you compete with them, O Thirteenth Demon?
根據 NG o既翻譯, 耶穌稱呼猶大為 spirit, 視佢為比一般人類更高一等. 但係呢隻字, o係 Coptic 入面其實係 daimon, 最順o既翻譯係 demon, 魔鬼. 唔使識 Coptic, 識英文都睇得出.
書中仲有講到其他有趣例子, 有興趣o既應該要睇睇. 總結, 呢本書易睇, 適合非學者睇. 但亦係學者必讀, 因為佢指出好多猶大福音 critical edition 好多大錯o既地方, 係重要o既學術貢獻.
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